speak and talk
Little difference
There is little difference between speak and talk. In certain situations one or the other is preferred, but they are usually both possible.
Formality
Talk is the more usual word for informal communication.
- When she walked into the room everybody stopped talking.
- Could I talk to you about my plans for a few minutes?
Speak is often used for communication in more serious or formal situations.
- I’ll have to speak to that boy – he’s getting very lazy.
- They had a fight last week, and now they’re not speaking to one another.
- After she had finished explaining her plans, nobody spoke.
Lectures, etc
Talk is often used for the act of giving an informal lecture (a talk); speak is preferred for more formal lectures, sermons, etc. Compare:
- This is Patrick Allen, who’s going to talk to us about gardening.
- This is Professor Rosalind Bowen, who is going to speak to us on recent developments in low-temperature physics.
- The Pope spoke to the crowd for seventy minutes about world peace.
Languages
Speak is the usual word to refer to knowledge and use of languages, and to the physical ability to speak.
- She speaks three languages fluently.
- We spoke Dutch so that the children wouldn’t understand.
- His throat operation has left him unable to speak.
Other cases
One usually asks to speak to somebody on the phone (AmE also speak with).
- Hello. Could I speak to Karen, please?
Talk is used before sense, nonsense and other words with similar meanings.
- You’re talking complete nonsense, as usual. (not
You’re speaking complete nonsense …)