do: general-purpose verb; do and make
The general-purpose verb do has several uses, and can sometimes be confused with make.
- Learn more about what we do and what we make at megamega.com. (advertisement)
do for indefinite activities
We use do when we do not say exactly what activity we are talking about – for example with words like thing, something, nothing, anything, what.
- Then he did a very strange thing. (not
Then he made a very strange thing.) - Do something!
- I like doing nothing. (not
… making nothing.) - What shall we do?
do for work
We use do when we talk about work and jobs.
- I’m not going to do any work today.
- It’s time to do the accounts.
- Could you do the shopping for me?
- I wouldn’t like to do your job.
- I did (= studied) French and German at school.
- Has Ben done his homework?
- Could you do the ironing first, and then do the windows if you’ve got time?
do …ing
We use do in the informal structure do …ing to talk about activities that take a certain time, or are repeated (for example jobs and hobbies). There is usually a determiner (e.g. the, my, some, much) before the -ing form.
- During the summer I’m going to do some walking and a lot of reading.
- I hate doing the ironing.
Note that the -ing form in this structure is noun-like, and cannot have an object.
- (not
I’m going to do some watching TV.)
But do can be used with a compound noun that includes verb + object.
- I want to do some bird-watching this weekend.
- It’s time I did some letter-writing.
make for constructing, creating, etc
We often use make to talk about constructing, building, creating, etc.
- I’ve just made a cake.
- Let’s make a plan.
- My father and I once made a boat.
do instead of make
We sometimes use do in place of make, to sound casual about a creative activity – as if we are not claiming to produce any very special results.
- ‘What are we going to eat?’ ‘Well, I could do an omelette.’
Common fixed expressions
do good, harm, business, one’s best, somebody a favour, sport, some exercise, one’s hair, one’s teeth, one’s duty, 50mph
make a journey, an offer, arrangements, a suggestion, a decision, an attempt, an effort, an excuse, an exception, a mistake, a noise, a phone call, money, a profit, a fortune, love, peace, war, a bed, progress
Note that we say make a bed, but we often talk about doing the bed(s) as part of the housework. Compare:
- He’s old enough to make his own bed now.
- I’ll start on the vegetables as soon as I’ve done the beds.
We use take, not make, in take a photo, and have, not make, in have an (interesting) experience.
For information about causative structures with make, (see here).