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afraid

afraid and fear​

In an informal style, be afraid is more common than fear.

  • Don’t be afraid. (not Don’t fear)
  • Are you afraid of the dark?
  • She’s afraid that I might find out.
  • I’m not afraid to say what I think.

I’m afraid = ‘I’m sorry’​

I’m afraid (that) often means I’m sorry to tell you (that). It is used to introduce apologetic refusals and bad news.

  • I’m afraid (that) I can’t help you.
  • I’m afraid (that) there’s been an accident.

I’m afraid so/not are used as short answers.

  • ‘Can you lend me a pound?’ ‘I’m afraid not.’
  • ‘It’s going to rain.’ ‘Yes, I’m afraid so.’

Not used before a noun​

Afraid is one of the adjectives that are not usually used before a noun in ‘attributive position’ (see here). Compare:

  • Jack’s afraid.
  • Jack’s a frightened man. (not … an afraid man.)
note

For information about -ing forms and infinitives after afraid, (see here).