Downtoners
Downtoners are words or phrases which reduce the force of another word or phrase. Downtoning is the opposite of emphasising. The most common downtoners are:
a bit | a little bit, a tiny bit | hardly | slightly |
a little | barely | (only) just | somewhat |
These downtoners are adverbs, and we use them to modify verbs, adjectives or other adverbs:
- I’m a little bit fed up with George – he’s so selfish. (less strong than I’m fed up with George.)
- I think he got slightly upset when we told him the news.
- I was barely 16 years old when I joined the army.
- You’ll have to speak up. I can only just hear you.
- The city has changed somewhat in the last ten years. (somewhat is more formal than the other words in the list.)
Downtoners: using vague language
We use vague language such as kind of…, sort of … or the suffix -ish to reduce the force of a word or phrase:
- A: Are you hungry?
- B: Well, kind of. (less strong than Yes.)
- She had a saddish look on her face, I don’t know why. (less strong than She had a sad look on her face.)
See also
- Double negatives and usage
- Discourse markers (so, right, okay)
- Hedges (just)
- Vague expressions